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  <title>The Laboratorium | Recent Comments </title>
  <link rel="self" href="http://laboratorium.net/comments.xml"/>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/" />
  <updated>2012-02-22T19:25:05Z</updated>
  <subtitle>The most recent comments to the Laboratorium</subtitle>
  <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2</id>
  <generator uri="http://www.movabletype.org/" version="5.04">Movable Type</generator>
  <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, James Grimmelmann</rights>

  <entry>
    <title>Stoner Law Reform: Trial by DVD</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/02/21/stoner_law_reform_trial_by_dvd#comment-69738" />
    <updated>2012-02-22T19:25:05Z</updated>
    <published>2012-02-22T14:25:05-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69738</id>
    <author>
      <name>Jonathan Rochkind</name>
      http://bibwild.wordpress.com
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p>One result would be any legal team that could afford it would include a staff of cinematography consultants, makeup people, other experts in how to make sure video looks as favorable as possible to you. </p>

<p>Now certainly sufficiently capable legal teams already include quite a bit of resources targetted at looking good in court. </p>

<p>Would it make even worse to have it on video?</p>

<p>You&#8217;d have to try to let the adversarial sides have as LITTLE influence on the cinematography and editing as possible. </p>

<p>But now we&#8217;ve got motions about how the lighting was unfairly unfavorable to one client, or favorable to another. Or how the guy behind the camera is obviously biased in the way he frames the shots. </p>
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  <entry>
    <title>Stoner Law Reform: Trial by DVD</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/02/21/stoner_law_reform_trial_by_dvd#comment-69737" />
    <updated>2012-02-22T18:03:08Z</updated>
    <published>2012-02-22T13:03:08-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69737</id>
    <author>
      <name>C.E. Petit</name>
      http://scrivenerserror.blogspot.com
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p>In general, this is a decent idea.</p>

<p>But&#8230;.</p>

<p>(1) It removes the ability of jurors to ask for clarification if a witness&#8217;s voice (or the recording of it) isn&#8217;t crystal clear. More importantly to me &#8212; as much of my &#8220;jury trial&#8221; experience involves courts martial and military administrative hearings &#8212; it removes the possibility for the jurors to themselves ask questions. I know that a lot of lawyers think that&#8217;s a bad idea; I don&#8217;t, because it enables the jury to reach a greater comfort zone of truth. (Too many lawyers, particularly in criminal proceedings, forget that the object of contested trial in particular is to reach truth, and only secondarily to &#8220;win&#8221;.)</p>

<p>(2) It&#8217;s going to be hellaciously complicated to adapt this to the hearing or visually impaired (who have the right to sit on a jury, too).</p>

<p>(3) Worst of all, it&#8217;s going to encourage more second-guessing of the evidence in appeals. That DVD is going to become the principal component of the record on appeal&#8230; and appellate judges are going to find it hard to resist the opportunity to sit as jurors, because they&#8217;ll have in front of them exactly what the jurors saw. Thus, appeals of jury verdicts will edge ever closer to the model for appeals of summary judgment motions, no matter how high-minded the rhetoric that will come from the courts of appeals. This will be a particular problem when a verdict appears to rest upon credibility of witnesses.</p>
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  <entry>
    <title>Stoner Law Reform: Trial by DVD</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/02/21/stoner_law_reform_trial_by_dvd#comment-69736" />
    <updated>2012-02-22T14:47:15Z</updated>
    <published>2012-02-22T09:47:15-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69736</id>
    <author>
      <name>James Grimmelmann</name>
      http://laboratorium.net
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p>The computer story is revealing, but it also runs together several different functions of trials.  One is reaching correct results; another is explication of them; a third is modifying and extending the law to all of its interstitial gaps.  I wonder whether the computer jurist would be acceptable to society if it didn&#8217;t point to the precedent it was relying on, but merely emitted a verdict as to which side won.  And given that so many cases aren&#8217;t rigorously, logically determined by precedent, the explanation is essential much of the time.</p>
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  <entry>
    <title>Stoner Law Reform: Trial by DVD</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/02/21/stoner_law_reform_trial_by_dvd#comment-69735" />
    <updated>2012-02-22T14:32:39Z</updated>
    <published>2012-02-22T09:32:39-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69735</id>
    <author>
      <name>Ken Varnum</name>
      
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p>I recall reading, long ago, an already-old sci-fi short story about a trial. The opposing counsels prepared a series of precedents and submitted them to a computer. The computer weighed the relative legal merits of each and threw out arguments from one side or the other, until one bedrock precedent stood, determining the outcome of the trial. Wish I could remember the name of the story or the author.</p>

<p>In the DVD model, a talented director could do wonders for whichever side hired her. It would put jury selection consultancy out of business, and do wonders for down-and-out film school grads.</p>
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  <entry>
    <title>Experiments (and Surveys) in Casebook Pricing</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/02/15/experiments_and_surveys_in_casebook_pricing#comment-69734" />
    <updated>2012-02-21T19:44:15Z</updated>
    <published>2012-02-21T14:44:15-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69734</id>
    <author>
      <name>Colette Vogele</name>
      
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p>This is an interesting data point. It&#8217;s consistent with an anecdote I heard some time ago about payment for downloaded music on Magnatune. At the time (2006?), listeners could pay between $5 and $15 to download an album. Most paid more than the minimum (I recall that the average was around $8). </p>
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  <entry>
    <title>Experiments (and Surveys) in Casebook Pricing</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/02/15/experiments_and_surveys_in_casebook_pricing#comment-69731" />
    <updated>2012-02-16T19:33:10Z</updated>
    <published>2012-02-16T14:33:10-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69731</id>
    <author>
      <name>Michael Froomkin</name>
      http://www.discourse.net
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p><em>I’m very happy that his students are finding the book useful enough that they think it’s fair to pay for it.</em></p>

<p>Given that the are asked to make the payment decision at the beginning of the semester, before they&#8217;ve used it, I&#8217;m not sure if that&#8217;s exactly what is going on.</p>
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  <entry>
    <title>Coasean Positioning System</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/02/15/coasean_positioning_system#comment-69729" />
    <updated>2012-02-15T17:04:23Z</updated>
    <published>2012-02-15T12:04:23-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69729</id>
    <author>
      <name>Erik</name>
      
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p>As I recall the FCC used to allocate blocks of spectra for use for the public good (e.g., television broadcast, telecommunications).  Now it auctions them which adds additional regulatory, commercial, and perhaps moral complexity to the LightSquare situation.    </p>
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  <entry>
    <title>ReDigi and the Purpose of First Sale</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/02/11/redigi_and_the_purpose_of_first_sale#comment-69728" />
    <updated>2012-02-12T20:25:21Z</updated>
    <published>2012-02-12T15:25:21-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69728</id>
    <author>
      <name>Ron Kaminsky</name>
      
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p><blockquote>ReDigi would blow those practical limits away, disrupting the first sale balance in the direction of too little control for copyright owners.</blockquote>Not necessarily &#8212;- perhaps I&#8217;m a bit more sensitive than usual to this exact topic currently, as I am searching for some files which I seem to have accidentally deleted. The balance you are assuming is broken by moving from the physical to the digital domain is merely a question of rates of physical degradation versus rates of digital losses via disk crashes, forgotten passwords, accidental deletion, corrupted backups, and other digital mishaps.</p>

<p>On the other hand, the reality of the situation is that copyright owners have already lost the degree of control which they had before the digital era. The <a href="http://piracy.ssrc.org/the-copy-culture-survey-infringement-and-enforcement-in-the-us/" rel="nofollow">results of a recent survey of Americans&#8217; position on various forms of copyright infringement and media behavior</a> lead me to suspect, even if I cannot <em>know</em> because that particular question was not addressed, that a strong majority of Americans under the age of 29 would not consider it wrong to illegally obtain material under copyright which they had already paid for, once, but which afterwards had been accidentally deleted.</p>
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  <entry>
    <title>The Used CD Store Goes Online</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/02/04/the_used_cd_store_goes_online#comment-69727" />
    <updated>2012-02-10T02:50:29Z</updated>
    <published>2012-02-09T21:50:29-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69727</id>
    <author>
      <name>john walker</name>
      
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p>Its fun to isomorph. </p>
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  <entry>
    <title>The Used CD Store Goes Online</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/02/04/the_used_cd_store_goes_online#comment-69726" />
    <updated>2012-02-09T02:34:27Z</updated>
    <published>2012-02-08T21:34:27-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69726</id>
    <author>
      <name>Ron Kaminsky</name>
      
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p><blockquote><em>Both views are correct</em> — which is to say, that to the extent that the Copyright Act distinguishes a “program” from any other information stored in a computer, it rests on a distinction that collapses if you push too hard on it.</blockquote>Every computer program can also be viewed/rewritten as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_programming" rel="nofollow">being a mathematical proof of some mathematical fact</a>, meaning that, to the same extent, the Copyright Act rests on somehow being able to distinguish between those mathematical facts which are (codings of) creative content, and those which are not.</p>
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  <entry>
    <title>The Used CD Store Goes Online</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/02/04/the_used_cd_store_goes_online#comment-69722" />
    <updated>2012-02-05T21:45:37Z</updated>
    <published>2012-02-05T16:45:37-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69722</id>
    <author>
      <name>john walker</name>
      
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<blockquote>
  <p>We could think of an MP3 as a bunch of “data” that is used as an input to a music player. Or we could think of the MP3 as a “program” that, when run correctly, produces sound as an output. Both views are correct — which is to say, that to the extent that the Copyright Act distinguishes a “program” from any other information stored in a computer, it rests on a distinction that collapses if you push too hard on it.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Nicely put. <br />
Thou  rather than blowing &#8216;smoke&#8217; , might they be said to be blowing quantum cats?</p>
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  <entry>
    <title>The Used CD Store Goes Online</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/02/04/the_used_cd_store_goes_online#comment-69720" />
    <updated>2012-02-04T12:29:56Z</updated>
    <published>2012-02-04T07:29:56-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69720</id>
    <author>
      <name>James Grimmelmann</name>
      http://laboratorium.net
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p>Oh, certainly: the definition of &#8220;computer program&#8221; is far from the only issue in the case.  Capitol raised the &#8220;essential&#8221; argument, as well.  The licensing issue is perhaps more complicated here: ReDigi claims, at least, that iTunes tracks are &#8220;sold&#8221; not &#8220;licensed,&#8221; based on the language Apple uses in its iTunes terms.</p>
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  <entry>
    <title>The Used CD Store Goes Online</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/02/04/the_used_cd_store_goes_online#comment-69719" />
    <updated>2012-02-04T11:37:01Z</updated>
    <published>2012-02-04T06:37:01-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69719</id>
    <author>
      <name>Seth Finkelstein</name>
      http://sethf.com/
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p>Disclaimer - I&#8217;m not a lawyer. But I do remember arguments over this program/data issues over the years.</p>

<p>I would say, even though I&#8217;m sympathetic to ReDigi, the argument fails on the use of section 117 in context, NOT program vs. data. That is, even if it was &#8220;it&#8217;s not an infringement to make a copy of a &#8220;computer program/data&#8221; as &#8220;an essential step in the utilization of the computer program/data&#8221;, it still wouldn&#8217;t work. That is, section 117 is about the USING of program/data in terms of performing its function - e.g. loading into memory. The program/data files sitting on servers aren&#8217;t being used for anything.</p>

<p>Note the full text is (emphasis added)</p>

<p>that such a new copy or adaptation is created as an essential step in the utilization of the computer program <i>in conjunction with a machine</i> and that it is used in no other manner</p>

<p>Moreover, section 117 specifically applies to &#8220;owner of a copy&#8221;, and there&#8217;s some decisions saying most software buyers are licensees, not owners, hence no section 117.</p>

<p><a href="http://iplaw.hllaw.com/2010/09/articles/copyright/ninth-circuit-addresses-owner-vs-licensee-determination-in-applying-first-sale-doctrine/" rel="nofollow">http://iplaw.hllaw.com/2010/09/articles/copyright/ninth-circuit-addresses-owner-vs-licensee-determination-in-applying-first-sale-doctrine/</a></p>
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  <entry>
    <title>The Orphan Wars Redux</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/01/24/the_orphan_wars_redux#comment-69717" />
    <updated>2012-01-31T04:23:55Z</updated>
    <published>2012-01-30T23:23:55-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69717</id>
    <author>
      <name>James Grimmelmann</name>
      http://laboratorium.net
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p>There are privacy and publicity rights, yes, but they add up to something much less than a full right against recording.  The privacy rights don&#8217;t generally apply in public, and the publicity rights don&#8217;t generally apply to noncommercial uses.  The practice of getting model releases (as photographers do) is a good way to minimize legal risks, but frequently they give permission for something the signer wouldn&#8217;t have had a right to stop.</p>
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  <entry>
    <title>The Orphan Wars Redux</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://laboratorium.net/archive/2012/01/24/the_orphan_wars_redux#comment-69716" />
    <updated>2012-01-31T04:13:36Z</updated>
    <published>2012-01-30T23:13:36-05:00</published>
    <id>tag:laboratorium.net,2012://2.69716</id>
    <author>
      <name>Frances Grimble</name>
      
    </author>

    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://laboratorium.net/">
      <![CDATA[<p>James,</p>

<p>I thought the laws regarding model releases effectively cover people moving (videos).  Am I wrong?</p>
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